The effects of erosioncorrosion on power plant piping. Oct 11, 2010 a video animation on the impact of corrosion on pipelines made for the us department of defense by gsg systems. Control of erosion corrosion problems can be expensive and time consuming due to the unplanned nature of stoppages and high maintenance costs. Nacl solution as sea water purged with co2 gas as the corrosive medium in crude oil, but in erosion corrosion 1 wt % silica sand was added as slurry to that medium, pure erosion using 1.
Erosioncorrosion failure of a carbon steel pipe elbowa. Water molecules then surround the metal ions as they. Water that is moderately alkaline 40 to 70 mgl with a ph between 7. Erosioncorrosion failure of a carbon steel pipe elbowa case. Water corrosion pvc pipe industry news think pipes think pvc. Erosion has been long recognised as a potential source of problems in oil and gas production systems. Cheng, electrochemical corrosion of x65 pipe steel. For example, burrs left at cut tube ends can upset smooth water flow, cause localized turbulence and high flow velocities, resulting in erosion corrosion. The resulting erosion corrosion rate can be larger than the sum of erosion and corrosion rates, due to synergistic effects. Erosioncorrosion of copper pipes in hot water reticulation systems project 4158702 report erosioncorrosion of copper pipes in hot water reticulation systems 1. Erosion vs corrosion littleinch petroleum 1 oct 15 18.
Water treatment for corrosion control in pipes and machines. Erosion has been long recognised as a potential source. Factors mitigating erosioncorrosion which are under the control of the plant owner are the ph9. Damaging of steeloil pipes by erosion and erosion corrosion.
This is a special type caused by water bubbles produced by highspeed impellers. It is a result of the collapsing and bombarding of vapor bubbles on the metallic surfaces of components and inner periphery of pipes and tubes. Control of erosioncorrosion problems can be expensive and time consuming due to the unplanned nature of stoppages and high maintenance costs. Simplified pourbaix diagram for iron in water at 25oc 55. Indeed, in south australia some water mains installed in 1872 have continued to perform well. Irod, a proven method of prevention with a long record of successful application will be presented. Erosion corrosion of oil and gas transmission pipeline erosion corrosion is a process in which synergy phenomenon occurs in pipeline systems.
One of the most common problems is the erosioncorrosion of the pipelines. Sweet corrosion co 2 corrosion co 2 corrosion has been a recognized problem in oil and gas production and transportation facilities for many years 19. Most people believe that old age is the primary contributor to iron water main breaks. Corrosion is a naturallyoccurring phenomenon that happens when metal is exposed to air and the environment its in, such as water or soil. Erosioncorrosion is a common challenge in oil and gas industry. Erosioncorrosion of oil and gas transmission pipeline erosioncorrosion is a process in which synergy phenomenon occurs in pipeline systems. The oil and gas industry has suffered and continues to face many failures that can be attributed to erosion. Problems with erosion corrosion may occur if a material is exposed simultaneously to a corrosive solution and mechanical wear, mainly due to solid particles in the fluid.
Often, this process is observed in co2h2s environments. Rossum in preparation for this paper, ive examined some of the available literature on water well corrosion. This causes the formation of pits on the surface of the metal. Corrosion control in oil and gas pipelines pipeline. Nacl solution as sea water purged with co2 gas as the corrosive medium in crude oil, but in erosioncorrosion 1 wt % silica sand was added as slurry to that medium, pure erosion using 1. In simple terms, erosion corrosion is caused due to the relative movement between fluid particles and solid surfaces in a corrosive environment. Corrosion control in oil and gas pipelines jamil enani abstract corrosion is the main problem affecting the pipeline system in the united states. About pipelines how do pipeline operators prevent their role.
The major finding of a recent study 1 is that pvc pipe has the lowest overall failure rate when compared to cast iron, ductile iron, concrete, steel, and asbestos cement pipes. Erosion corrosion page 10 1 erosion corrosion flowassisted corrosion an increase in corrosion brought about by a high relative velocity between the corrosive environment and the surface. Erosion vs corrosion chemical process engineering engtips. Study synergy effect on erosioncorrosion in oil pipes. University of calgary mechanistic understanding and. Pdf some of the problems encountered in co 2 h 2 s environments of oil and gas. In 1996, kermani and harrop1 reported that 9% of the corrosion related failures in the oil and gas industry are due to erosioncorrosion. Oct 16, 2019 cultivation corrosion is a form of erosion corrosion.
A video animation on the impact of corrosion on pipelines made for the us department of defense by gsg systems. Erosion corrosion can be prevented or reduced through any of the following methods. Age and presence of corrosive materials such as carbon dioxide co 2and hydrogen sulfide h 2 s exacerbate the problem. Erosioncorrosion is common engineering problem causes a deterioration failure in many industries including oil and gas production, drilling, process and transportation of. Inspection data for pipework based on results from manual. Review of the api rp 14e erosional velocity equation. This intensive copex training course examines the types of corrosion and corrosion control in the gas, oil and water industry and provides an overview of specific process descriptions, and focuses on the examination and identification of metallurgical problems in process units and methods of corrosion monitoring, control and damage reduction. The prediction and monitoring of erosion and erosioncorrosion attack on oil and gas. It is probably the second most common cause of copper tube failures behind type 1 pitting which is also known as cold water pitting of copper tube copper water tubes copper tubes have been used to distribute drinking water within. Erosion corrosion as impingement or water drop corrosion is a serious problem since it keeps the active state of magnesium at low ph values or prevents the formation and stability of the passive layer in alkaline solutions. Escalating deterioration of water and sewer systems due to corrosion, leaks, and breaks in oldtechnology pipe materials. Increasing amounts of particles will reduce the tolerable flow rate.
Coatings play an important role in minimizing surface. Nov 19, 2015 remember the distinction between erosion corrosion and erosion. Review open access corrosion problems during oil and gas. The red arrows points to the eroded pipe material caused by high water velocity due to water turbulence, as the water flows from left to right in the photo. As this form of corrosion affects critical equipment in aviation and other industries, preventive measures are needed at the design stage itself to minimize such deterioration. Erosion corrosion is a synergetic effect that accelerates the corrosion attack in the surface of the metal due to the motion of the corrosive fluid.
About pipelines how do pipeline operators prevent their. Flowinduced corrosion and erosioncorrosion experiments were conducted using a submerged impinging jet sij in co 2saturated conditions at a fluid velocity of 7 ms with sand loadings of 0 mgl and 100 mgl. Factors mitigating erosion corrosion which are under the control of the plant owner are the ph9. In 1996, kermani and harrop1 reported that 9% of the corrosion related failures in the oil and gas industry are due to erosion corrosion. Erosioncorrosion ec of x65 pipe steel was investigated in a simulated oil sand slurry through an impingement jet system. A fundamental understanding of erosioncorrosion of. Corrosion resistance of pvc pipes think pipes think pvc. More specifically, it performs the following functions.
Erosion corrosion can also be aggravated by faulty workmanship. Erosioncorrosion is a complex mechanism of material loss caused by flowing fluid containing or free from solid particles disrupting or thinning the protective film or corrosion product2. Corrosion of metal in the presence of water is a common problem across many industries. Pdf development of erosioncorrosion mechanisms for the. Erosion corrosion is a term that refers to the combined effect of erosion and corrosion on a metal surface which is caused by the rapid flow of any turbulent liquid through piping. The corrosion scales from old water pipe lines were analyzed for their structure and composition. Erosioncorrosion in oil and gas pipelines request pdf.
Guidelines on sand erosion and erosioncorrosion management. Reduce the turbulence of the fluid in the tube by streamlining. This article will focus on erosion in steam and condensate piping, a common problem in steam plants wherein sections of piping are eroded away causing significant steam leakage. This paper will discuss the various corrosion mechanisms that occur at pipe supports if they are not adequately protected. Co2 corrosion and erosioncorrosion of oil and gas pipework remain major. Its a gradual process one common example of corroded metal is rust. Jun 20, 2014 unfortunately, these pipes are susceptible to corrosion and subsequent breakage.
Erosion in steam and condensate piping tlv a steam. Figure 4 is an example of turbulence induced erosion corrosion near a solder joint as indicated by the black arrow. Sand may cause damage to well components such as sand screens. A combination of erosion and corrosion can lead to extremely high pitting rates. The rate of erosion is dependant on the level of turbulence, with more turbulent liquid being more erosive. Erosioncorrosion of the oil and gas pipelinehas been an increasingly problem in petroleum industry especially in the h 2 s environment. Measurements of weightloss and potentiodynamic polarization curves combined with optical microscopy observation were performed to determine the synergism of corrosion and erosion in ec of steel. Flowinduced corrosion and erosion corrosion experiments were conducted using a submerged impinging jet sij in co 2saturated conditions at a fluid velocity of 7 ms with sand loadings of 0 mgl and 100 mgl. It refers to the loss of materials on internal surface of various parts of a production system due to production fluid mixture especially with sand that impacting the inner surface at an angle and typically at high velocity. It could cause the loss of primary containment, failure, and deferral. Figure 4 is an example of turbulence induced erosioncorrosion near a solder joint as indicated by the black arrow. Background aquatherm australia pty limited is the australian distributer of a polypropylene ppr hot and cold water piping system manufactured in germany by aquatherm gmbh. Erosioncorrosion also involves a corrosive environment. Erosioncorrosion characterisation for pipeline materials using.
Erosion can be defined as the mechanical loss of material by the impact of solid particles e. Left untreated, corrosion will impact the strength and appearance of metal. Erosioncorrosion is a combined chemomechanical mode of attack where both erosion and corrosion are involved. The report concluded that corrosion was a major cause of water main breaks. Corrosion control in oil and gas pipelines in the united states, the annual cost associated with corrosion damage of structural components is greater than the combined annual cost of natural disasters, including hurricanes, storms, floods, fires and earthquakes1. Deterioration due to cavitation can be treated as a special category of erosion corrosion. Erosion is a physical process that refers to the gradual wearing away of a solid through abrasion. The erosioncorrosion mechanisms, the methods to evaluate the erosioncorrosion resistance of materials and the. Experts believe that 20% to 25% of corrosionrelated costs could be avoided. Mapping erosioncorrosion of carbon steel in oilwater.
Corrosion at pipe supports is one of the leading causes of topside process piping failure. Experimental investigation of erosioncorrosion phenomena in a. Erosion corrosion is a complex mechanism of material loss caused by flowing fluid containing or free from solid particles disrupting or thinning the protective film or corrosion product2. The fact that most oil and gas production includes coproduced water makes corrosion a pervasive issue across the industry. Erosion corrosion an overview sciencedirect topics. It takes place in the presence of a supportive medium, which is referred to as an electrolyte.
Fundamentals of metallic corrosion in fresh water by j. Unfortunately, these pipes are susceptible to corrosion and subsequent breakage. Turbulence in pipes is often caused by pitting and can result from poor craftsmanship in the. Guidelines on sand erosion and erosioncorrosion management first edition june 2017 published by energy institute, london the energy institute is a professional membership body incorporated by royal charter 2003 registered charity number 1097899. Erosion corrosion, also known as impingement damage, is the combined effect of corrosion and erosion caused by rapid flowing turbulent water. Sometimes the erosioncorrosion threat can be mitigated by using erosion barriers. Facts about erosion corrosion sandvik materials technology. Inhibition of flowinduced corrosion and erosioncorrosion. Erosion corrosion of the oil and gas pipelinehas been an increasingly problem in petroleum industry especially in the h 2 s environment.
The resulting erosioncorrosion rate can be larger than the sum of erosion and corrosion rates, due to synergistic effects. Guidelines on sand erosion and erosion corrosion management first edition june 2017 published by energy institute, london the energy institute is a professional membership body incorporated by royal charter 2003 registered charity number 1097899. An indication of corrosion in the water pipe is brown coloring or turbidity in drinking water. Erosion corrosion is a combined chemomechanical mode of attack where both erosion and corrosion are involved. Erosioncorrosion threat is a combination of erosion and corrosion threats and their synergistic effects. Carbon dioxide corrosion in oil and gas productiona. Erosion is the straightforward wearing away by the mechanical abrasion caused by suspended particles e. Avoidance of corrosion 7 it is well known that copper alloys can suffer erosion corrosion also known as impingement attack if the local water velocity or degree of turbulence is too high 3. The blue arrow shows the passive film protecting the copper pipe. The effects of flowinduced corrosion and erosioncorrosion were studied using gravimetric techniques. Remember the distinction between erosion corrosion and erosion. It is probably the second most common cause of copper tube failures behind type 1 pitting which is also known as cold water pitting of copper tube. Soft water that contains sodium salts does not coat the pipes and consequently is more corrosive. Erosion corrosion is common engineering problem causes a deterioration failure in many industries including oil and gas production, drilling, process and transportation of minerals including oil.
Erosion corrosion also involves a corrosive environment. In the case of metal, it is visible in form of rust. Corrosion harms the surface and can erode the substance. Erosion corrosion ec of x65 pipe steel was investigated in a simulated oil sand slurry through an impingement jet system. Erosioncorrosion of carbon steel pipework on an offshore oil and. There is an interaction between the solid particles, corrosive fluid, and the material for this corrosion to occur. Cultivation corrosion is a form of erosion corrosion. When designing piping systems, there is a difference between large and small bore pipe, because the laminar boundary. I find that much of the material is either wrong, terribly confusing, or else completely misses the point.
The control of erosion corrosion problems can be expensive. Request pdf erosioncorrosion in oil and gas pipelines in oil and gas pipelines, the erodent can be various produced particles or liquid. However, the erosioncorrosion behaviors of complex pipe sections such as the. Corrosion at pipe supports causes and solutions paper. The achievements of the authors group on the modelling of synergistic effects erosion are summarized. The metal of the pipes reacts with the oxygen in the water. The effects of flowinduced corrosion and erosion corrosion were studied using gravimetric techniques.
947 716 1311 13 1212 1388 1434 1288 1546 96 878 408 91 1460 549 1135 8 1358 712 1474 1499 702 1322 1369 609 1052 1132 951 1479 1488 508 1595 1544 512 449 224 780 71 34 1232 744 42 1174 834